The Babylonian Chronicles are tablets that record major events in the history of Babylon. 

This particular tablet is known as the Jerusalem Chronicle. It tells of the battle of Charchemish in 605 B.C. where Nebuchadnezzar defeated Pharaoh Necho of Egypt, as well as a revolt in Babylonia itself, where Nebuchadnezzar killed many of his own people.  It also records Nebuchadnezzar’s accession to the throne and his capture of Jerusalem in 598 BC.