Chapter 21 Luke 21

The Poor Widow’s Gift (vv. 1-4)

1 Jesus looked around and saw rich men dropping their gifts in the Temple treasury, a 2 and he also saw a very poor widow b dropping in two little copper coins. c 3 He said, “I tell you that this poor widow put in more than all the others. 4 For the others offered their gifts from what they had to spare of their riches; but she, poor as she is, gave all she had to live on.”

Interesting Stuff:

a The treasury was the name given to a section of the Court of Women in the Temple (refer to ‘The Temple’, p. x) where there were 13 trumpet-shaped boxes to receive the donations of worshippers. Each box would have the inscription that stated the use to which the donations would be put.

b A widow had very few ways of earning money during Jesus’ time. A poor widow would thus refer to the poorest of people.

c This coin, called the lepton, was the smallest Jewish coin (see chap 12, note w) and worth barely a fraction of a cent. Some scholars have noted that worshippers were not allowed to make gifts of less than two lepta, and that was all the poor widow had.

Summary of Section:

  1. Jesus was in the Temple and he observed some rich men dropping their gifts in the Temple treasury.
  2. He also saw a very poor widow put in two little copper coins.
  3. He said that the widow had put in more than all the others because they gave out of what they had to spare from their wealth but she gave all she had to live on.

Nuggets of Wisdom

  1. This scene was actually a continuation of 20:45-47 where Jesus was warning his disciples about the true character of the teachers of the Law. There he rebuked the teachers of the Law who made a show of their piety but grew rich out of ‘robbing’ widows of their homes. They were like the rich people who gave to God out of the extras of their wealth and still had lots more to live comfortably on.
  2. In contrast, this poor widow gave only two small coins, hardly worth anything. However, it was everything she had to live on. From a human perspective, she barely gave anything to God, but from God’s perspective, she gave more than all the rich people.
  3. God does not look at the absolute amount of what we give to Him but He looks at our hearts and the attitudes behind our giving to Him.

Signs of the End of Age (vv. 5-38)

      5 Some of the disciples were talking about the Temple, how beautiful it looked with its fine stones and the gifts d offered to God. Jesus said, 6 “All this you see – the time will come when not a single stone here will be left in its place; every one will be thrown down.” e

      7 “Teacher,” they asked, “when will this be? And what will happen f in order to show that the time has come for it to take place?”

      8 Jesus said, “Watch out; don’t be fooled. Many men, claiming to speak for me, will come and say, ‘I am he!’ g and, ‘The time has come!’ But don’t follow them. 9 Don’t be afraid when you hear of wars and revolutions; such things must happen first, but they do not mean that the end is near.” h

      10 He went on to say, “Countries will fight each other; kingdoms will attack one another. 11 There will be terrible earthquakes, famines, and plagues everywhere; there will be strange and terrifying things coming from the sky. 12 Before all these things take place, however, you will be arrested and persecuted; you will be handed over to be tried in synagogues i and be put in prison; you will be brought before kings and rulers for my sake. 13 This will be your chance to tell the Good News. 14 Make up your minds ahead of time not to worry about how you will defend yourselves, 15 because I will give you such words and wisdom that none of your enemies will be able to refute or contradict what you say. 16 You will be handed over by your parents, your brothers, your relatives, and your friends; and some of you will be put to death. 17 Everyone will hate you because of me. 18 But not a single hair from your heads will be lost. 19 Stand firm, and you will save yourselves. j

       21 “When you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, k then you will know that she will soon be destroyed. 21 Then those who are in Judea must run away to the hills; those who are in the city must leave, and those who are out in the country must not go into the city. l 22 For those will be ‘The Days of Punishment,’ to make come true all that the Scriptures say. m 23 How terrible it will be in those days for women who are pregnant and for mothers with little babies! Terrible distress will come upon this land, n and God’s punishment will fall on this people. 24 Some will be killed by the sword, and others will be taken as prisoners to all countries; and the heathen will trample over Jerusalem until their time is up. o

      25 “There will be strange things happening to the sun, the moon, and the stars. On earth whole countries will be in despair, afraid of the roar of the sea and the raging tides. 26 People will faint from fear as they wait for what is coming over the whole earth, for the powers in space will be driven from their courses. 27 Then the Son of Man will appear, p coming in a cloud with great power and glory. 28 When these things begin to happen, stand up and raise your heads, q because your salvation is near.”

       29 Then Jesus told them this parable: “Think of the fig tree and all the other trees. 30 When you see their leaves beginning to appear, you know that summer is near. 31 In the same way, when you see these things happening, you will know that the Kingdom of God is about to come.

       32 “Remember that all these things will take place before the people now living r have all died. 33 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away.

      34 “Be careful not to let yourselves become occupied with too much feasting and drinking and with the worries of this life, or that Day s may suddenly catch you 35 like a trap. For it will come upon all people everywhere on earth. 36 Be on watch and pray always that you will have the strength to go safely through all those things that will happen and to stand before the Son of Man.”

      37 Jesus spent those days teaching in the Temple, and when evening came, he would go out and spend the night on the Mount of Olives. 38 Early each morning all the people went to the Temple to listen to him.

Interesting Stuff:

i Although synagogues were places of worship, they were also used as schools and centres of administration. They were the centre of Jewish life and Jewish law was administered from them as well.

j This refers not to physical safety but to their salvation.

k Jesus made it clear here that he was referring to the destruction of Jerusalem and not to the end times.

l When an army surrounds a city, it is natural to seek protection inside the walls of the city. Here, however, Jesus directs his followers to flee to the mountains for safety because the city was doomed to destruction.

m What was to happen to Jerusalem was not by chance but it was the penalty for her people’s sins.

n Josephus, a Jewish historian, recorded that around 97,000 were taken prisoner throughout the war and some 1.1 million were killed in the siege of Jerusalem. Even if the figures were exaggerated to some extent, it is clear that the loss of life was staggering.

o This probably referred to God allowing the Gentiles to fulfil His purposes until His time for them comes to an end.

p This refers to Christ’s second coming. Often the predictions in Jesus’ teaching refer ultimately to the end times while at the same time describing the destruction of Jerusalem which was closer at hand.

q When the perplexing signs begin to occur, Jesus’ followers must not be downcast. They are to look up in joy and trust because their deliverance is coming.

r Many versions have translated this as ‘this generation’, rather than ‘the people now living’. If the reference is to the destruction of Jerusalem which occurred about 40 years after Jesus spoke these words, then the ‘generation’ would refer to the people living around that time.

If the reference is to the second coming of Christ, then this ‘generation’ might refer to the Jewish people as a race who were promised existence to the very end. Or it might refer to the future generation alive at the beginning of these events.

s This refers to the return of Christ.

Questions:

  1. ­What did Jesus say to the disciples when he heard them admiring the beauty of the Temple (vv. 5-6)?

2. How did they respond to Jesus’ prophecy about the Temple (v. 7)?

3. Did Jesus answer their question directly?

   What did he ask them to watch out for (vv. 8-9)?

4. What are some of the things that would happen first before Jesus comes again (vv. 9-26)?

5. What words of encouragement did Jesus give to his followers over the persecution they would face (vv. 13-19)?

6. What was the lesson that they could learn from the fig tree (vv. 29-31)?

7. What did Jesus warn them against as they wait for his coming (vv. 34-36)?

Summary of Section:

  1. Some of Jesus’ disciples were admiring the beauty of the Temple. Jesus told them, however, that all that beauty would one day be destroyed and no stone would be left in its place.
  2. They asked Jesus when that would take place and what signs would happen to show that the time had come for that to happen.
  3. Jesus told them to watch out and not be fooled by people who came claiming to be the Messiah and saying that the time had come.
  4. He told them not to be afraid when they hear of wars and revolutions because that did not mean that the end was near.
  5. He foretold the following events happening before his coming again:
    a. Countries would fight against one another.
    b. Natural disasters like earthquakes, famines and plagues would happen everywhere.
    c. Strange and terrifying things would come from the sky.
    d. His followers would be arrested, persecuted and thrown into prison. This was, however, the time for them to tell the Good News.
    e. They were not to worry about how to defend themselves for God would give them the wisdom so that none of their enemies would be able to refute what they say.
    f. They would be handed over by their family members and friends. Some of them would be put to death. They would be hated but God would protect them. If they stood firm to the end, they would save themselves.
    g. Jerusalem would be surrounded by armies and destroyed.
    h. Strange things would happen to the sun, moon and stars, and the seas.
  6. When the perplexing signs come, his followers were not to be downcast because Jesus would be coming with great power and glory.
  7. Jesus told them to learn from the fig tree and know that when all these events take place that his coming is near.
  8. He warned them against being too preoccupied with feasting, drinking and the worries of life. They were to be watchful and to pray for the strength to go through the difficult times and to finally stand in victory before Jesus when he comes again.
  9. Each morning Jesus would go to the Temple to teach and all the people would go to listen to him. At night, he would go to the Mount of Olives to spend the night there.

Nuggets of Wisdom

  1. This teaching or discourse of Jesus on the end times is the last recorded teaching of Jesus in the Temple.
  2. In this discourse, Jesus talked about both the destruction of Jerusalem and the last days. He taught them how to recognise false prophets who would appear and called for discernment in the face of false interpretations of the events to come (vv. 8-11).
  3. Jesus proceeded to lay out the progress of events in chronological order: persecution and witness (vv. 12-19); the fall of Jerusalem (vv. 20-24), heavenly signs and earthly distress, leading to the coming of the Son of Man (vv. 25-28).
  4. ­ Through it all, Jesus emphasised God’s faithfulness in watching over them. They would know the assurance of His presence and power in the face of persecution and terrifying times until Jesus comes again. They were reminded to be alert, to see persecution as an opportunity to witness to their faith and to pray for endurance to remain faithful and strong to the end.
  5. All the events listed in vv. 8-18 are characteristic of the present age, and are not just signs that the end is near.
  6. The events in vv. 25-26 are described in more apocalyptic terms, i.e., terms closely connected with the end times.
  7. Luke ends this section by highlighting the support Jesus enjoyed from the people that continued to keep his enemies from arresting him as he taught in the Temple. He would teach daily in the Temple and depart each night to the Mount of Olives. It was the time of the festival of Unleavened Bread and lodgings in the city was scarce, forcing pilgrims, including Jesus and his disciples, into outlying areas each evening.

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